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Use of insemination in beef cattle herds
JANIŠ, Marek
This bachelor thesis deals with the evaluation of the use of insemination in a selected herd of beef cattle. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis characterizes the concepts related to the topic.It describes the anatomy and physiology of the cow, insemination and methods, genomics and current and future trends in the field of insemination. The practical part interprets and evaluates the results of the analysis, which are based on the cow's passport cards and the record of the performance check.
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Reprodukční analýza plemenic skotu ve stádě s tržní produkcí mléka
Vlčková, Hana
The data for this thesis was collected in ZD Nížkov. In between the years of 2019-2021, monitoring was conducted on an average of 368 dairy cows of Czech fleckvieh cattle and Holstein and brown swiss cattle crossbreeds. Selected reproduction indexes were evaluated – calving-to-first-service interval, calving-to-conception interval, calving-to-calving interval and the number of insemination needed for pregnancy. The measured indicators were analyzed for individual years, within the seasons, according to the order of lactation and breeding affiliation of individuals. The obtained values were evaluated in Microsoft Excel and Statistica12. Basic statistical constants were calculated - arithmetic mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation. In the Statistica12 program, selected factors were processed by ANOVA and subsequently evaluated by post hoc analysis using Tukey's test. In 2019, the length of the calving-to-first-service interval was 62,52 days, the calving-to-conception interval was 117,17 days, the calving-to-calving interval was 397,17 days and the number of insemination needed for pregnancy were 2,31. In 2020, the length of the calving-to-first-service interval was 55,19 days, the calving-to-conception interval was 118,17 days, the calving-to-calving interval was 398,17 days and the number of insemination needed for pregnancy were 2,61. In 2021, the length of the calving-to-first-service interval was 58,83 days, the calving-to-conception interval was 113,25 days, the calving-to-calving interval was 393,25 days and the number of insemination needed for pregnancy were 2,59. A great value of the breed group influence, as well as a high value of lactation period, was proven in the case of calving-to-first-service interval. For the length of the calving-to-conception interval, the breed group influence has also shown a great statistical significance.
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Analýza užitkových vlastností chovu prasat zařazeného do kontroly užitkovosti
JELÍNKOVÁ, Lenka
The aim of the diploma thesis was to analyse reproductive and productive parameters at a particular pig farm participating in the performance testing. The monitoring took place between years 2019 to 2021. The sow reproductive traits included sows of the Czech Large White - CLW (977 litters), CLW x CL (CL = Czech Landrace) (616 litters), Duroc (169 litters), Pietrain (156 litters), 125 litters by boars D x LWSL (Large White - sire line) and 146 litters by boars Pn x LWSL. Higher number of total born (15.6 vs. 15.4 pcs), live-born (14.5 vs. 14.3 pcs) and weaned piglets (13.5 vs. 13.2 pcs) was confirmed within maternal breeds in CLW x CL sows, compared to CLW sows. The highest number of total born, live-born and weaned piglets was confirmed within the paternal breeds after boars D x LWSL (11.2 pcs, 10.3 pcs and 9.6 pcs). The lowest fertility level was found out at the Pietrain breed (10.0 total born, 9.2 live-born and 7.7 weaned piglets). Boars of the CLW (1,448 pcs), Duroc (434 pcs), Pietrain (339 pcs), D x LWOL (368 pcs) and BO x Pn (363 pcs) and gilts of the CLW (3,479 pcs), Duroc (487 pcs) and Pietrain (343 pcs) were analysed in field test. The highest average daily gain from the birth was achieved by boars LWSL x Pn (730 g), the lowest average backfat thickness was achieved by boars D x LWSL (5.2 mm) and the highest lean meat content was achieved by boars Pietrain (62.2%). The best performance traits in the field test were recorded in boars in 2020. The highest value of the average daily gain from the birth was in CLW gilts(659 g) and the lowest average backfat thickness (5.2 mm) and the highest lean meat content (62.5%) were in Pn gilts. The best results of the field test of gilts were reached in 2021.
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Analýza reprodukce dojeného skotu
RAKOUSKÁ, Barbora
The diploma thesis deals with the evaluation of reproductive indicators in two companies with cattle breeding. Furthermore, evaluation of the effect of the synchronization program on the reproduction of dairy cattle, the effect of lactation on reproduction and comparison of the results with the national average.
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Zhodnocení reprodukčních ukazatelů ve vybraném stádě skotu
KUBECOVÁ, Monika
Prosperous reproduction is the basis for every successful breedinf, i tis the most important factor, which testifiest the overall quality of breeding. In the Czech Republic. reproductive indicators are currently deteriorating. The aim of the work was to prepare a literature review of cattle reproduction, influences on eproduction and to characterize the breed Czech spotted cattle,. The aim of the monitored set of dairy cows of Czech spotted cattle was to evaluate tho effects on selected fertility indicators and evaluate them. In the selected breeding of Czech spotted cattle were evaluated selcted indicators of reproduction (interval, service period, insemination interval) of selected dairy cows (120 pieces) were evaluated for the monitored period of 2 years, from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2018. These indicators werw further evaluated according to individual factors (influence of lactation order, influence of milk yield and influence of age at 1st calving)
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Reprodukční a biotechnické metody využitelné v chovu dojeného skotu
Talácko, Pavel
The bachelor thesis describes the most frequent and best known biotechnical methods used in breeding of dairy cattle. It collects insemination methods useful in cattle breeding and familiarizations with their practical use. Because the rectal method is the most commonly used in practice, the most emphasis is on it. Next is an embryotransfer, which is described in the work, gets the embryo, the evaluation, the conservation until the transfer. This methods is closely related to superovulation and synchronization. Both of these methods are also described here. The other methods mentioned are in-vitro fertilization and sexed sperm, which is relatively often used today. All these methods show theirs advantages but also theirs disadvantages. In the next part of the thesis goes towards detecting the estrus. First of all, it describes the estrus and their symptoms. It is important monitor of estrus, which is of course also mention in the work. We can also find the tools that helps detect the estrus. Another part of this work is related reproduction indicators. The calving interval, servise period, insemination interval, insemination index, percent of pregnancy after 1. insemination are described here. Conclusion presents current values of these indicators in the Czech Republic and their comparison with abroad.
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Synchronizace říje plemenic skotu a její úspěšnost
SUKOVÁ, Denisa
Reproduction and milk production are considered to be the main factors influencing the whole economy of cattle breeding. We have been monitoring the worsening reproduction related to cattle breeding for a long time. The introduction of synchronization protocols into reproductive management is a posibility to improve reproduction. The aim of my work was to detect the success rate of insemination after rut synchronization on the basis of the data analysis and to evaluate reproductive indicators. The monitoring was performed from January 2017 to June 2018. There were monitored 310 breeding Holstein cows with the yield level of 10 335 kg of milk. The data were obtained from the zootechnical records and the Farmsoft Program. The breeding reproductive level was poor. Here are following values of reproductive indicators: insemination interval - 63 days, service period - 124 days, intervening time - 407 days, intersemination interval - 35 days, insemination index - 2,63 and pregnancy after the first insemination - 33,23%. That was only the insemination interval to achieve great results because breeding cows were involved into the synchronization protocol Presynch within 31 to 38 days after birth. It was detected that cows after the synchornization program Presynch got pregnant in 36,6% after the first insemination, whereas breeding cows being inseminated for the required rut became pregnant in 28% cases after the first insemination. The percentage of pregnancy in synchronizated cows after the first insemination is almost identical to the average in the Czech Republic (37,1%). Performing hormonal therapy within Presynch increased the reproductive costs in one cow by 211 Czech crowns.
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Faktory ovlivňující reprodukční ukazatele dojnic ve vybraném chovu
ZERZÁNKOVÁ, Veronika
This thesis provides an overview of the literature on reproduction attributes of the Holstein Friesian cattle and its influence on the cattle reproductive indices. One of the goals was to evaluate the influence of selected factors on the reproduction indices for a pre-selected group of dairy cattles. The data has been processed and sorted by the lactation production levels, daily production, order of lactation and the age of the first calving. The data about the used bulls has been processed as well. Another goal of the thesis was acquisition of the data about excluded cows. For the excluded cows, the age, order of lactation, reason for exclusion and life-long production have been recorded. The data for the thesis have been obtained from the production control records and database of breeds in the selected Holstein cattle breeding. The dairy cattles, which got in calf during the years 2017 and 2018 have been evaluated. In particular, for 2017 and 2018, the evaluation was carried out on 190 and 229 dairy cattles respectively, which makes the total of 419 evaluated cows. For those dairy cows, the insemination index data, insemination interval, gestation after first insemination, service period and gestation period has been recovered from the zootechnical register. The evaluation of excluded dairy cows contained 339 dairy cows, which have been excluded during years 2017 and 2018. For the evaluation of the used bulls, the total count and description of how the bull for insemination have been selected is provided. Evaluation the influence of level of lactation production on the reproduction indices has shown a significant (p0,05) statistical relation between production levels and duration of the service period. It has also been proven that this has an influence on the insemination index levels. The lowest values (p0,05) of service period and insemination index have been detected for dairy cattles with production up to 6 999 kg. On the other hand, the highest values of service period and insemination index have been recorded for the dairy cattles with production up to 9 000 kg (p0,05). The influence of daily dairy production levels on the reproduction indices have been evaluated as well. It can be clearly seen from the results that as the daily dairy production increases, the service period increases as well. The lowest values (p0,05) of the service period was recorded for breeds, who had the daily production levels up to 24.99 kg. Opposed to that, the highest values of service period have been recorded for dairy cattles with average daily milk production over 30 kg. The evaluation of order of lactation on the reproduction indices did not show any significant statistical results (p0,05). Furthermore, during the evaluation of first calving, no statistically significant differences have been shown (p0,05). Last reproduction index we have evaluated was gestation after the first insemination. The groups were divided by the production levels, daily milk production, order of lactation and age of the first calving. For each group, the percentage of cattles that got in calf after first insemination has been computed. On average, this value was 36.28%.
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Kulhání-Limitující faktor reprodukce skotu
VRABČEKOVÁ, Monika
One of the basic conditions for achieving a positive production and meeting economic objectives in cattle breeding is their high and regular reproductive performance. Amongst the most significant factors influencing cattle fertility is the health state of heifers. To breed cattle successfully, it is essential to ensure that their feet are in a good condition, in particular hoofs. Diseased feet lead to the reduction of cattle performance and affect their welfare which results in a negative impact on cattle fertility. This thesis is concerned with the influence of cattle lameness on reproductive indicators of cows. For the purpose of the research, a group of cows from ZD Pluhuv Zdar including 843 dairy cows of the Holstein breed and Czech Simmental breed was studied. Equally, all cows originated from two different types of stabling. The following information were checked about each cow: the identification number, stabling number, breed, age, date of calving, order of lactation, performance, interim period, service period, insemination interval, insemination index and any relevant hoof problems. The impact of hoof problems on reproductive indicators that depended on the order of lactation and breed were analysed in the program Statistica using two-factor anova. It was observed that there existed a significant influence of hoof disease on each reproduction indicator. Dairy cows on the 3rd and higher level of lactation showed an evident difference in the length of the interim period. It was found that healthy dairy cows without any hoof disease had on average 385 day long interim period, whereas dairy cows with hoof problems had 398 day long interim period. It is apparent that the interim period was lengthened by 13 days in dairy cows with lameness. In addition, the values for service period and insemination index increased in the group with cattle lameness (by 17 days and the value of 3.17). In the case of insemination interval values, the difference between healthy and diseased cows was the least apparent. Furthermore, it was proven that the combination of infectious and non-infectious diseases have the greatest impact on reproduction indicators that seem to increase their value as a result. This causes a great deal of stress to an organism of an animal. When comparing reproduction indicators between breeds, it was noticeable that there was an influence on the cross breeding and how strained the Holstein breed was. The average length of interim period was 8 days longer in the Holstein breed group than Czech Simmental cattle. Furthermore, the length of the service period was 5 days longer in the Holstein cattle group. From the data, it can be concluded that any hoof disease in herds should not be neglected and stock breeders should pay increased attention to hoof problems since it could pose a risk on the whole stock breeding economics. A stock breeder should focus on the regular and careful trimming, washing and treatment of hoofs. In addition, attention should be paid to stabling and how comfortable it is for dairy cows, as well as the quality and complexity of feeding portions that are served.
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Chov prasat v podmínkách subtropické Afriky
MUKOSHA, Chisenga Emmanuel
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to analyse the different types of pig breeding used in the subtropical regions of Africa. Pigs have been described as one of the most prolific and fast growing livestock that can convert food waste to valuable products. Pigs are commonly kept for meat and fat, but also different sectors such as cosmetics industry, pharmaceutical industry, medical sector and so many other purposes. The thesis further on analyses the reproductive and productive traits of pigs. Finally the thesis takes a look at some factors that affect breeding and productivity of pigs. Diseases pose significant challenge to efficient management and profitability of pig production.
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